Isaiah 45:13

Authorized King James Version

I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אָנֹכִי֙
i
#2
הַעִירֹתִ֣הֽוּ
I have raised him up
to wake (literally or figuratively)
#3
בְצֶ֔דֶק
in righteousness
the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
#4
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
דְּרָכָ֖יו
all his ways
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#6
אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר
and I will direct
to be straight or even; figuratively, to be (causatively, to make) right, pleasant, prosperous
#7
הֽוּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#8
יִבְנֶ֤ה
he shall build
to build (literally and figuratively)
#9
עִירִי֙
my city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#10
וְגָלוּתִ֣י
my captives
captivity; concretely, exiles (collectively)
#11
יְשַׁלֵּ֔חַ
and he shall let go
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#12
לֹ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#13
בִמְחִיר֙
not for price
price, payment, wages
#14
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#15
בְשֹׁ֔חַד
nor reward
a donation (venal or redemptive)
#16
אָמַ֖ר
saith
to say (used with great latitude)
#17
יְהוָ֥ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#18
צְבָאֽוֹת׃
of hosts
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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