Isaiah 43:28

Authorized King James Version

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Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and have given Jacob to the curse, and Israel to reproaches.

Original Language Analysis

וַאֲחַלֵּ֖ל Therefore I have profaned H2490
וַאֲחַלֵּ֖ל Therefore I have profaned
Strong's: H2490
Word #: 1 of 8
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
שָׂ֣רֵי the princes H8269
שָׂ֣רֵי the princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 2 of 8
a head person (of any rank or class)
קֹ֑דֶשׁ of the sanctuary H6944
קֹ֑דֶשׁ of the sanctuary
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 3 of 8
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה and have given H5414
וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה and have given
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 4 of 8
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לַחֵ֙רֶם֙ to the curse H2764
לַחֵ֙רֶם֙ to the curse
Strong's: H2764
Word #: 5 of 8
physical (as shutting in) a net (either literally or figuratively); usually a doomed object; abstractly extermination
יַעֲקֹ֔ב Jacob H3290
יַעֲקֹ֔ב Jacob
Strong's: H3290
Word #: 6 of 8
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל and Israel H3478
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל and Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 7 of 8
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
לְגִדּוּפִֽים׃ to reproaches H1421
לְגִדּוּפִֽים׃ to reproaches
Strong's: H1421
Word #: 8 of 8
vilification

Analysis & Commentary

Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary. This sobering conclusion to Isaiah 43 demonstrates God's covenant justice even toward His elect nation. The Hebrew chalal (profaned, polluted) indicates ceremonial defilement rendering priests unfit for sacred service. God Himself enacted judgment by removing the sanctity of Israel's religious leadership - a devastating reversal since priests mediated divine presence.

"Given Jacob to the curse, and Israel to reproaches" employs cherem (curse, devoted thing to destruction) - the same term used for Canaanite cities under divine ban. Israel's covenant violations warranted the same judgment God executed on pagan nations. This verse bridges Isaiah's promises of restoration (vv. 1-27) with the reality of deserved judgment. God's grace does not eliminate accountability; even the elect endure temporal judgment for covenant unfaithfulness.

Reformed theology finds here the doctrine of covenant chastisement - God disciplines His children precisely because they are His children (Hebrews 12:5-11). The Babylonian exile was not divine abandonment but paternal correction. Yet this judgment also points forward to Christ, the true Prince of the Sanctuary, who would be profaned (Mark 15:29) to bear the curse and reproaches His people deserved (Galatians 3:13).

Historical Context

This verse explains the Babylonian exile (586 BC) and the destruction of the First Temple. The 'princes of the sanctuary' were the chief priests and Levitical leaders who corrupted worship through syncretism and moral compromise (2 Kings 21-23, Ezekiel 8). God's profaning of these princes manifested through Nebuchadnezzar's execution of Judah's priests and nobility (2 Kings 25:18-21). The 'reproaches' refer to international mockery of defeated Israel - their God appeared weak compared to Babylonian deities, bringing shame to God's name among nations (Ezekiel 36:20-23).

Questions for Reflection

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