Isaiah 40:4

Authorized King James Version

Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#2
גֶּיא֙
Every valley
a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)
#3
יִנָּשֵׂ֔א
shall be exalted
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#4
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
הַ֥ר
and every mountain
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#6
וְגִבְעָ֖ה
and hill
a hillock
#7
יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ
shall be made low
to depress or sink (especially figuratively, to humiliate, intransitive or transitive)
#8
וְהָיָ֤ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#9
הֶֽעָקֹב֙
and the crooked
(transitive) fraudulent or (intransitive) tracked
#10
לְמִישׁ֔וֹר
shall be made straight
a level, i.e., a plain (often used (with the article prefix) as a proper name of certain districts); figuratively, concord; also straightness, i.e., (
#11
וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים
and the rough places
a mountain ridge (as of tied summits)
#12
לְבִקְעָֽה׃
plain
properly, a split, i.e., a wide level valley between mountains

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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