Isaiah 21:11

Authorized King James Version

PDF

The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?

Original Language Analysis

מַשָּׂ֖א The burden H4853
מַשָּׂ֖א The burden
Strong's: H4853
Word #: 1 of 11
a burden; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
דּוּמָ֑ה of Dumah H1746
דּוּמָ֑ה of Dumah
Strong's: H1746
Word #: 2 of 11
dumah, a tribe and region of arabia
אֵלַי֙ H413
אֵלַי֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 11
near, with or among; often in general, to
קֹרֵ֣א He calleth H7121
קֹרֵ֣א He calleth
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 4 of 11
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר to me out of Seir H8165
מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר to me out of Seir
Strong's: H8165
Word #: 5 of 11
seir, a mountain of idumaea and its indigenous occupants, also one in palestine
שֹׁמֵ֖ר Watchman H8104
שֹׁמֵ֖ר Watchman
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 6 of 11
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
מַה H4100
מַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 7 of 11
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
מִלֵּֽיל׃ what of the night H3915
מִלֵּֽיל׃ what of the night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 8 of 11
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
שֹׁמֵ֖ר Watchman H8104
שֹׁמֵ֖ר Watchman
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 9 of 11
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
מַה H4100
מַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 10 of 11
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
מִלֵּֽיל׃ what of the night H3915
מִלֵּֽיל׃ what of the night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 11 of 11
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

Analysis & Commentary

The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Woe, watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?' Dumah refers to Edom (Seir is Edom's mountainous region). The oracle is brief and enigmatic. Someone from Edom calls to the watchman asking about the night—when will it end? What is its status? The doubled question emphasizes urgency and anxiety. 'Night' symbolizes judgment, darkness, suffering. Edom asks Israel's prophet for insight about how long their dark time will last. This demonstrates that even pagan nations recognized Israel's prophets had genuine revelation. The question models appropriate human response to divine judgment: seeking information from those with revealed knowledge rather than speculation. Yet the answer (verse 12) proves ambiguous, suggesting some questions lack clear answers—divine mysteries remain even for inquirers.

Historical Context

Edom, descended from Esau, maintained complex relationship with Israel—sometimes ally, often enemy. By Isaiah's time, Edom faced threats from growing empires. The name Dumah means 'silence,' possibly wordplay on Edom's fate—silence of death/judgment. Historically, Edom was eventually destroyed (Obadiah), though timing relative to this oracle is unclear. The brief oracle's enigmatic nature suggests prophetic reserve—not all inquiries receive clear answers. God reveals what He purposes to reveal; some questions remain mysterious. Church history shows similar patterns: believers experiencing suffering ask 'how long?' (Revelation 6:10), yet specific answers aren't always given. Faith must trust God's wisdom and timing even when detailed explanations are withheld. The oracle models this: seeking divine insight is right; demanding complete clarity isn't always granted.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People