Hosea 2:13

Authorized King James Version

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And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י And I will visit H6485
וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י And I will visit
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 1 of 18
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
עָלֶ֗יהָ H5921
עָלֶ֗יהָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְמֵ֤י upon her the days H3117
יְמֵ֤י upon her the days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 4 of 18
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַבְּעָלִים֙ of Baalim H1168
הַבְּעָלִים֙ of Baalim
Strong's: H1168
Word #: 5 of 18
baal, a phoenician deity
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תַּקְטִ֣יר wherein she burned incense H6999
תַּקְטִ֣יר wherein she burned incense
Strong's: H6999
Word #: 7 of 18
to smoke, i.e., turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)
לָהֶ֔ם H1992
לָהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 8 of 18
they (only used when emphatic)
וַתַּ֤עַד to them and she decked H5710
וַתַּ֤עַד to them and she decked
Strong's: H5710
Word #: 9 of 18
to advance, i.e., pass on or continue; causatively, to remove; specifically, to bedeck (i.e., bring an ornament upon)
נִזְמָהּ֙ herself with her earrings H5141
נִזְמָהּ֙ herself with her earrings
Strong's: H5141
Word #: 10 of 18
a nose-ring
וְחֶלְיָתָ֔הּ and her jewels H2484
וְחֶלְיָתָ֔הּ and her jewels
Strong's: H2484
Word #: 11 of 18
a trinket
וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ H1980
וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 12 of 18
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אַחֲרֵ֣י after H310
אַחֲרֵ֣י after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ her lovers H157
מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ her lovers
Strong's: H157
Word #: 14 of 18
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
וְאֹתִ֥י H853
וְאֹתִ֥י
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שָׁכְחָ֖ה and forgat H7911
שָׁכְחָ֖ה and forgat
Strong's: H7911
Word #: 16 of 18
to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
נְאֻם me saith H5002
נְאֻם me saith
Strong's: H5002
Word #: 17 of 18
an oracle
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 18 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

Punishing idolatry: 'And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.' 'Visit upon' (paqadti) means hold accountable, punish. 'Days of Baalim' references extended period of idolatry—generations of unfaithfulness accumulating guilt. Burning incense to Baal violated exclusive worship of YHWH (Exodus 20:3-5). Decking with jewelry suggests preparing for ritual prostitution or treating Baal worship as seduction. 'Went after lovers' continues the adultery metaphor. The devastating finale: 'forgat me, saith the LORD.' To forget YHWH isn't mere memory lapse but willful neglect, choosing other loves over the covenant Husband. Psalm 106:21 laments 'they forgot God their Savior.' Forgetting God brings judgment; remembering brings life (Deuteronomy 8:11-20). Only the new covenant writes God's law on hearts (Jeremiah 31:31-34), preventing this fatal forgetting through the indwelling Spirit.

Historical Context

Israel's Baal worship lasted from Jeroboam I's golden calves (931 BC) through Ahab and Jezebel's intensification (874-853 BC) to Hosea's time (755-715 BC)—over 200 years of syncretism and idolatry. Archaeological evidence includes Baal figurines, incense altars, and cult objects throughout northern Israel sites. That God 'visits' this accumulated guilt means long-delayed judgment eventually comes. God's patience has limits (Genesis 15:16, 'iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete'). When societies persist in rebellion across generations, judgment becomes inevitable. Nineveh received temporary reprieve through repentance (Jonah 3), but later returned to sin and was destroyed (Nahum). Israel's failure to repent made judgment certain. Only Christ's death satisfies accumulated guilt—the cross pays for historical sin and current rebellion alike.

Questions for Reflection