Hosea 13:1

Authorized King James Version

When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כְּדַבֵּ֤ר
spake
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#2
אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙
When Ephraim
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#3
רְתֵ֔ת
trembling
terror
#4
נָשָׂ֥א
he exalted
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#5
ה֖וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#6
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
himself in Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#7
וַיֶּאְשַׁ֥ם
but when he offended
to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
#8
בַּבַּ֖עַל
in Baal
baal, a phoenician deity
#9
וַיָּמֹֽת׃
he died
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Hosea. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection