Hosea 12:14

Authorized King James Version

Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הִכְעִ֥יס
provoked him to anger
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
#2
אֶפְרַ֖יִם
Ephraim
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#3
תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים
most bitterly
bitterness (plural as collective)
#4
וְדָמָיו֙
his blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#5
עָלָ֣יו
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
יִטּ֔וֹשׁ
therefore shall he leave
properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive
#7
וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹ
upon him and his reproach
contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
#8
יָשִׁ֥יב
return
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#9
ל֖וֹ
H0
#10
אֲדֹנָֽיו׃
the lord (used as a proper name of god only)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Hosea, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Hosea.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection