Habakkuk 1:3

Authorized King James Version

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Why dost thou shew me iniquity, and cause me to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence are before me: and there are that raise up strife and contention.

Original Language Analysis

לָ֣מָּה H4100
לָ֣מָּה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 1 of 12
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
תַרְאֵ֤נִי Why dost thou shew H7200
תַרְאֵ֤נִי Why dost thou shew
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 2 of 12
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אָ֙וֶן֙ me iniquity H205
אָ֙וֶן֙ me iniquity
Strong's: H205
Word #: 3 of 12
strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
וְעָמָ֣ל grievance H5999
וְעָמָ֣ל grievance
Strong's: H5999
Word #: 4 of 12
toil, i.e., wearing effort; hence, worry, whether of body or mind
תַּבִּ֔יט and cause me to behold H5027
תַּבִּ֔יט and cause me to behold
Strong's: H5027
Word #: 5 of 12
to scan, i.e., look intently at; by implication, to regard with pleasure, favor or care
וְשֹׁ֥ד for spoiling H7701
וְשֹׁ֥ד for spoiling
Strong's: H7701
Word #: 6 of 12
violence, ravage
וְחָמָ֖ס and violence H2555
וְחָמָ֖ס and violence
Strong's: H2555
Word #: 7 of 12
violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain
לְנֶגְדִּ֑י H5048
לְנֶגְדִּ֑י
Strong's: H5048
Word #: 8 of 12
a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before
וַיְהִ֧י H1961
וַיְהִ֧י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 9 of 12
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
רִ֦יב strife H7379
רִ֦יב strife
Strong's: H7379
Word #: 10 of 12
a contest (personal or legal)
וּמָד֖וֹן and contention H4066
וּמָד֖וֹן and contention
Strong's: H4066
Word #: 11 of 12
a contest or quarrel
יִשָּֽׂא׃ are before me and there are that raise up H5375
יִשָּֽׂא׃ are before me and there are that raise up
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 12 of 12
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

Analysis & Commentary

Habakkuk's complaint intensifies: 'Why dost thou shew me iniquity, and cause me to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence are before me: and there are that raise up strife and contention' (lammah tar'eni aven ve'amal tabbit veshod vechamas lenegdi vayehi riv ummadon yissa). The prophet sees injustice (aven, iniquity), trouble (amal, toil/grievance), destruction (shod, spoiling), violence (chamas), strife (riv), and contention (madon) permeating Judean society. God doesn't merely allow Habakkuk to see this corruption—the verbs 'shew me' (tar'eni) and 'cause me to behold' (tabbit) suggest God actively directs the prophet's attention to it, making him acutely aware of moral breakdown. This creates the problem: why would God make His prophet intimately aware of evil yet not immediately intervene? The question resonates with all sensitive believers who, once awakened to injustice and suffering, cannot ignore it yet wonder why God seems slow to act.

Historical Context

Habakkuk describes conditions in Judah under corrupt kings Jehoiakim and perhaps Jehoiachin. Jeremiah, prophesying contemporaneously, confirms this picture: widespread idolatry, oppression of the poor, corrupt judges, false prophets, and leadership profiting from injustice (Jeremiah 22:13-17, 26:20-23). The legal system had broken down, the righteous were oppressed, and wickedness flourished openly. Habakkuk's complaint wasn't exaggeration but accurate diagnosis of terminal societal corruption. This moral collapse would soon result in Babylonian conquest and exile—divine judgment executed through human agency. The prophet's lament models how godly people should respond to systemic injustice: not cynical resignation but anguished prayer seeking divine intervention.

Questions for Reflection