Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, thou hast established them for correction.
Habakkuk's second complaint begins: 'Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, thou hast established them for correction' (halo attah miqqedem Yahweh Elohai Qedoshi lo namut Yahweh lemishpat samtam veTzur lehokhiach yesadto). The prophet anchors himself in God's eternal nature (miqqedem, from everlasting), His covenant relationship (Yahweh Elohai, LORD my God), and His holiness (Qedoshi). From this foundation, he reasons: 'we shall not die' (lo namut)—though judgment comes, the covenant people won't be utterly destroyed. He acknowledges God's sovereignty: 'thou hast ordained them for judgment' (lemishpat samtam)—Babylon exists by divine appointment to execute judgment. 'Established them for correction' (lehokhiach yesadto)—they're instruments of discipline, not ultimate destroyers. Yet this creates the problem verse 13 addresses: how can holy God use unholy Babylon?
Historical Context
Habakkuk's theology reflects deep understanding of covenant promises. God had promised Abraham that his descendants would be eternal (Genesis 17:7), promised David an everlasting kingdom (2 Samuel 7:16), and declared through prophets that a remnant would survive judgment (Isaiah 10:20-22). Despite coming catastrophe, these promises assured ultimate preservation. The prophet's confidence ('we shall not die') wasn't presumption but faith in God's character and word. Historical fulfillment proved him right—though Jerusalem was destroyed and Judah exiled, the people survived, returned, and from them came the Messiah. Even divine judgment on covenant people serves redemptive purposes, not final destruction.
Questions for Reflection
How does anchoring faith in God's eternal, holy character help believers process difficult providences?
What is the difference between divine judgment that corrects versus divine judgment that destroys?
How do God's covenant promises provide assurance even when experiencing severe discipline?
Analysis & Commentary
Habakkuk's second complaint begins: 'Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, thou hast established them for correction' (halo attah miqqedem Yahweh Elohai Qedoshi lo namut Yahweh lemishpat samtam veTzur lehokhiach yesadto). The prophet anchors himself in God's eternal nature (miqqedem, from everlasting), His covenant relationship (Yahweh Elohai, LORD my God), and His holiness (Qedoshi). From this foundation, he reasons: 'we shall not die' (lo namut)—though judgment comes, the covenant people won't be utterly destroyed. He acknowledges God's sovereignty: 'thou hast ordained them for judgment' (lemishpat samtam)—Babylon exists by divine appointment to execute judgment. 'Established them for correction' (lehokhiach yesadto)—they're instruments of discipline, not ultimate destroyers. Yet this creates the problem verse 13 addresses: how can holy God use unholy Babylon?