Genesis 9:12

Authorized King James Version

And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֱלֹהִ֗ים
And God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
זֹ֤את
this (often used adverb)
#4
אֽוֹת
This is the token
a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc
#5
הַבְּרִית֙
of the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#6
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#7
אֲנִ֣י
which I
i
#8
נֹתֵ֗ן
make
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#9
בֵּינִי֙
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#10
וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#11
וּבֵ֛ין
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#12
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
נֶ֥פֶשׁ
creature
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#14
חַיָּ֖ה
between me and you and every living
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#15
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#16
אִתְּכֶ֑ם
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#17
לְדֹרֹ֖ת
generations
properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling
#18
עוֹלָֽם׃
that is with you for perpetual
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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