Genesis 39:1

Authorized King James Version

And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְיוֹסֵ֖ף
And Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#2
הֽוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ
was brought down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#3
מִצְרָ֑יְמָה
to Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#4
וַיִּקְנֵ֡הוּ
bought
to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own
#5
פּֽוֹטִיפַר֩
and Potiphar
potiphar, an egyptian
#6
סְרִ֨יס
an officer
a eunuch; by implication, valet (especially of the female apartments), and thus, a minister of state
#7
פַּרְעֹ֜ה
of Pharaoh
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
#8
שַׂ֤ר
captain
a head person (of any rank or class)
#9
הַטַּבָּחִים֙
of the guard
properly, a butcher; hence, a lifeguardsman (because he was acting as an executioner); also a cook (usually slaughtering the animal for food)
#10
אִ֣ישׁ
an Egyptian
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#11
מִצְרִ֔י
a mitsrite, or inhabitant of mitsrajim
#12
מִיַּד֙
him of the hands
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#13
הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים
of the Ishmeelites
a jishmaelite or descendant of jishmael
#14
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#15
הֽוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ
was brought down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#16
שָֽׁמָּה׃
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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