Genesis 37:28

Authorized King James Version

Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩
Then there passed
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#2
אֲנָשִׁ֨ים
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#3
מִדְיָנִ֜ים
by Midianites
a midjanite or descendant (native) of midjan
#4
סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים
to travel round (specifically as a pedlar); intensively, to palpitate
#5
וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙
and they drew
to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)
#6
וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ
and lifted up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
יוֹסֵ֖ף
Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#9
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#10
הַבּ֔וֹר
out of the pit
a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)
#11
וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ
and sold
to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
#12
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
יוֹסֵ֖ף
Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#14
לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים
to the Ishmeelites
a jishmaelite or descendant of jishmael
#15
בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים
for twenty
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
#16
כָּ֑סֶף
pieces of silver
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
#17
וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ
and they brought
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#18
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#19
יוֹסֵ֖ף
Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#20
מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃
into Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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