Genesis 19:28

Authorized King James Version

And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף
And he looked
properly, to lean out (of a window), i.e., (by implication) peep or gaze (passively, be a spectacle)
#2
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#3
פְּנֵ֖י
and toward
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#4
סְדֹם֙
Sodom
sedom, a place near the dead sea
#5
וַֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה
and Gomorrah
amorah, a place in palestine
#6
וְעַֽל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#7
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
פְּנֵ֖י
and toward
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#9
הָאָ֔רֶץ
all the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#10
הַכִּכָּ֑ר
of the plain
a circle, i.e., (by implication) a circumjacent tract or region, especially the ghor or valley of the jordan; also a (round) loaf; also a talent (or l
#11
וַיַּ֗רְא
and beheld
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#12
וְהִנֵּ֤ה
lo!
#13
עָלָה֙
went up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#14
כְּקִיטֹ֖ר
and lo the smoke
a fume, i.e., cloud
#15
הָאָ֔רֶץ
all the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#16
כְּקִיטֹ֖ר
and lo the smoke
a fume, i.e., cloud
#17
הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃
of a furnace
a smelting furnace (as reducing metals)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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