Genesis 17:20

Authorized King James Version

And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּֽלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל֮
And as for Ishmael
jishmael, the name of abraham's oldest son, and of five israelites
#2
שְׁמַעְתִּיךָ֒
I have heard thee
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#3
הִנֵּ֣ה׀
lo!
#4
בֵּרַ֣כְתִּי
Behold I have blessed
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
#5
אֹת֗וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
וְהִפְרֵיתִ֥י
him and will make him fruitful
to bear fruit (literally or figuratively)
#7
אֹת֛וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֥י
and will multiply
to increase (in whatever respect)
#9
אֹת֖וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#10
מְאֹ֑ד
him exceedingly
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
#11
מְאֹ֑ד
him exceedingly
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
#12
שְׁנֵים
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#13
עָשָׂ֤ר
twelve
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#14
נְשִׂיאִם֙
princes
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist
#15
יוֹלִ֔יד
shall he beget
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#16
וּנְתַתִּ֖יו
and I will make him
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#17
לְג֥וֹי
nation
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#18
גָּדֽוֹל׃
a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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