Galatians 6:12

Authorized King James Version

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As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised; only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ.

Original Language Analysis

ὅσοι As many as G3745
ὅσοι As many as
Strong's: G3745
Word #: 1 of 17
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
θέλουσιν desire G2309
θέλουσιν desire
Strong's: G2309
Word #: 2 of 17
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
εὐπροσωπῆσαι to make a fair shew G2146
εὐπροσωπῆσαι to make a fair shew
Strong's: G2146
Word #: 3 of 17
to be of good countenance, i.e., (figuratively) to make a display
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 4 of 17
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
σαρκί the flesh G4561
σαρκί the flesh
Strong's: G4561
Word #: 5 of 17
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
οὗτοι they G3778
οὗτοι they
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 6 of 17
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
ἀναγκάζουσιν constrain G315
ἀναγκάζουσιν constrain
Strong's: G315
Word #: 7 of 17
to necessitate
ὑμᾶς you G5209
ὑμᾶς you
Strong's: G5209
Word #: 8 of 17
you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)
περιτέμνεσθαι to be circumcised G4059
περιτέμνεσθαι to be circumcised
Strong's: G4059
Word #: 9 of 17
to cut around, i.e., (specially) to circumcise
μόνον only G3440
μόνον only
Strong's: G3440
Word #: 10 of 17
merely
ἵνα G2443
ἵνα
Strong's: G2443
Word #: 11 of 17
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
μὴ G3361
μὴ
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 12 of 17
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σταυρῷ for the cross G4716
σταυρῷ for the cross
Strong's: G4716
Word #: 14 of 17
a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Χριστοῦ of Christ G5547
Χριστοῦ of Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 16 of 17
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
διώκωνται they should suffer persecution G1377
διώκωνται they should suffer persecution
Strong's: G1377
Word #: 17 of 17
compare the base of g1169 and g1249); to pursue (literally or figuratively); by implication, to persecute

Analysis & Commentary

As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised; only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ. Paul exposes the Judaizers' motives. "As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh" (hosoi thelousin euprosōpēsai en sarki, ὅσοι θέλουσιν εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί)—as many as want to make a good showing, present well, look good in the flesh. Euprosōpeō (εὐπροσωπέω) means to have a good face/appearance. They want impressive external religious display.

"They constrain you to be circumcised" (houtoi anankazousin hymas peritemnesthai, οὗτοι ἀναγκάζουσιν ὑμᾶς περιτέμνεσθαι)—these are compelling, pressuring you to be circumcised. "Only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ" (monon hina mē tō staurō tou Christou diōkōntai, μόνον ἵνα μὴ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διώκωνται)—only so they won't be persecuted for the cross of Christ. Paul reveals their real motive: cowardice. Proclaiming Christ crucified alone (without requiring law-keeping) brings persecution from Jews. Adding circumcision removes this offense, making Christianity appear as Jewish sect rather than new covenant community transcending law. They sacrifice gospel truth for social acceptance.

Historical Context

Jews fiercely opposed Christianity's inclusion of Gentiles without requiring circumcision and law-keeping (Acts 15:1-5, 21:20-21). Christians faced persecution from Jews and eventually Romans. Judaizers apparently sought to avoid this by making Christianity more Jewish—requiring circumcision, downplaying the cross's scandal. This removed the offense: if Gentiles become Jewish proselytes through circumcision, Christianity is just another Jewish party, not radical new creation. Paul exposes this compromise: they value safety over truth, good appearance over gospel integrity. Persecution tests who truly treasures the gospel versus who values comfort more.

Questions for Reflection

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