Ezra 10:3

Authorized King James Version

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Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.

Original Language Analysis

וְעַתָּ֣ה H6258
וְעַתָּ֣ה
Strong's: H6258
Word #: 1 of 16
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
נִֽכְרָת Now therefore let us make H3772
נִֽכְרָת Now therefore let us make
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 2 of 16
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
בְּרִ֣ית a covenant H1285
בְּרִ֣ית a covenant
Strong's: H1285
Word #: 3 of 16
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ of our God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ of our God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 4 of 16
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
לְהוֹצִ֨יא to put away H3318
לְהוֹצִ֨יא to put away
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 5 of 16
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
כָל H3605
כָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 16
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
נָשִׁ֜ים all the wives H802
נָשִׁ֜ים all the wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 7 of 16
a woman
וְהַנּוֹלָ֤ד and such as are born H3205
וְהַנּוֹלָ֤ד and such as are born
Strong's: H3205
Word #: 8 of 16
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
מֵהֶם֙ H1992
מֵהֶם֙
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 9 of 16
they (only used when emphatic)
בַּֽעֲצַ֣ת of them according to the counsel H6098
בַּֽעֲצַ֣ת of them according to the counsel
Strong's: H6098
Word #: 10 of 16
advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
אֲדֹנָ֔י H113
אֲדֹנָ֔י
Strong's: H113
Word #: 11 of 16
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
וְהַֽחֲרֵדִ֖ים and of those that tremble H2730
וְהַֽחֲרֵדִ֖ים and of those that tremble
Strong's: H2730
Word #: 12 of 16
fearful; also reverential
בְּמִצְוַ֣ת at the commandment H4687
בְּמִצְוַ֣ת at the commandment
Strong's: H4687
Word #: 13 of 16
a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ of our God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ of our God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 14 of 16
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וְכַתּוֹרָ֖ה according to the law H8451
וְכַתּוֹרָ֖ה according to the law
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 15 of 16
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
יֵֽעָשֶֽׂה׃ and let it be done H6213
יֵֽעָשֶֽׂה׃ and let it be done
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 16 of 16
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Analysis & Commentary

Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law. Shecaniah proposes a radical covenant (berit) to resolve the crisis. The phrase "put away" (hotzi, from yatsa, "to go out/send away") refers to formal divorce proceedings, not casual abandonment. This required legal process with certificates (Deuteronomy 24:1) and likely provisions for the women and children, though Scripture doesn't detail those arrangements.

Shecaniah's reference to "those that tremble" (hacharedim) at God's commandment echoes Isaiah 66:2,5—the remnant who revere God's Word above social pressure. The insistence "let it be done according to the law" (kattorah) grounds this painful action in divine command, not human preference. The Torah explicitly forbade marriage to Canaanite peoples (Deuteronomy 7:3-4) because such unions inevitably led to idolatry.

This covenant represents corporate commitment to drastic obedience. The phrase "and such as are born of them" reveals the tragedy—families must be separated to preserve covenant integrity. While deeply troubling to modern sensibilities, the text prioritizes theological fidelity over emotional comfort, viewing covenant unfaithfulness as existential threat to the community's relationship with God.

Historical Context

Shecaniah ben Jehiel speaks despite his own father being among the offenders (Ezra 10:26). His proposal came approximately 458 BC during Ezra's governorship in post-exilic Jerusalem. The community faced existential crisis: violating the very commands whose transgression had caused the Babylonian exile. The previous generation had lost everything—temple, city, land—because of covenant unfaithfulness. Now the restoration community risked repeating those sins.

Ancient Near Eastern marriage practices made intermarriage politically expedient for establishing alliances and social stability. The returned exiles numbered perhaps 50,000 in a region populated by much larger groups. Marrying into local populations seemed pragmatic for survival. However, Torah explicitly forbade such marriages because pagan spouses consistently drew Israelites into idolatry (1 Kings 11:1-8, Nehemiah 13:26).

Questions for Reflection