Ezekiel 40:47
So he measured the court, an hundred cubits long, and an hundred cubits broad, foursquare; and the altar that was before the house.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Solomon's temple had an inner court for priests (1 Kings 6:36, 2 Chronicles 4:9) separate from the outer court for Israel. The dimensions echo tabernacle proportions, maintaining continuity with Mosaic worship. The bronze altar in Solomon's temple was massive—20 cubits square and 10 cubits high (2 Chronicles 4:1)—dominating the courtyard. Archaeological evidence from Israelite sanctuaries shows horned altars similar to biblical descriptions. The altar's centrality reflects ancient Near Eastern temple design, but Israel's altar uniquely served atonement, not feeding deity (as in pagan temples). For the exiles, who hadn't seen legitimate sacrificial worship for decades, the altar's restoration promised renewed access to God through prescribed means. The vision assured that future worship would maintain continuity with past revelation while anticipating eschatological fulfillment.
Questions for Reflection
- How central is the cross (the ultimate altar) in your worship and daily life, or has it become peripheral?
- What does the court's perfect square dimensions teach about God's character as a God of order and beauty?
- How do you maintain proper proportion—keeping the 'altar' (Christ's sacrifice) as the focal point rather than programs or personalities?
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Analysis & Commentary
The inner court's perfect square dimensions—'an hundred cubits long, and an hundred cubits broad, foursquare'—symbolize perfection, stability, and divine order. The number 100 represents completeness (10 x 10), suggesting comprehensive provision for worship. The square shape (like the Most Holy Place in 1 Kings 6:20) emphasizes symmetry and harmony. The altar's position 'before the house' (temple proper) indicates its centrality—sacrifice stands between sinful humanity and holy God. All approach to God must pass through the altar, foreshadowing Christ's cross as the sole mediator (John 14:6, 1 Timothy 2:5). The altar's prominence teaches that worship without atonement is impossible—'without shedding of blood is no remission' (Hebrews 9:22). Reformed theology emphasizes that Christ's sacrifice on Calvary's 'altar' satisfies divine justice, enabling reconciliation (Romans 3:23-26).