Ezekiel 40:46

Authorized King James Version

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And the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the altar: these are the sons of Zadok among the sons of Levi, which come near to the LORD to minister unto him.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַלִּשְׁכָּ֗ה And the chamber H3957
וְהַלִּשְׁכָּ֗ה And the chamber
Strong's: H3957
Word #: 1 of 18
a room in a building (whether for storage, eating, or lodging)
אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
פָּנֶ֙יהָ֙ whose prospect H6440
פָּנֶ֙יהָ֙ whose prospect
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 3 of 18
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
דֶּ֣רֶךְ is toward H1870
דֶּ֣רֶךְ is toward
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 4 of 18
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
הַצָּפ֔וֹן the north H6828
הַצָּפ֔וֹן the north
Strong's: H6828
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)
לַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים is for the priests H3548
לַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים is for the priests
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 6 of 18
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
שֹׁמְרֵ֖י the keepers H8104
שֹׁמְרֵ֖י the keepers
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת of the charge H4931
מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת of the charge
Strong's: H4931
Word #: 8 of 18
watch, i.e., the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, i.e., (
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ of the altar H4196
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ of the altar
Strong's: H4196
Word #: 9 of 18
an altar
הֵ֣מָּה H1992
הֵ֣מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 10 of 18
they (only used when emphatic)
מִבְּנֵֽי among the sons H1121
מִבְּנֵֽי among the sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
צָד֗וֹק of Zadok H6659
צָד֗וֹק of Zadok
Strong's: H6659
Word #: 12 of 18
tsadok, the name of eight or nine israelites
הַקְּרֵבִ֧ים which come near H7131
הַקְּרֵבִ֧ים which come near
Strong's: H7131
Word #: 13 of 18
near
מִבְּנֵֽי among the sons H1121
מִבְּנֵֽי among the sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 14 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
לֵוִ֛י of Levi H3878
לֵוִ֛י of Levi
Strong's: H3878
Word #: 15 of 18
levi, a son of jacob
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 16 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
יְהוָ֖ה to the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה to the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 17 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
לְשָׁרְתֽוֹ׃ to minister H8334
לְשָׁרְתֽוֹ׃ to minister
Strong's: H8334
Word #: 18 of 18
to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to

Cross References

Ezekiel 44:15But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister unto me, and they shall stand before me to offer unto me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord GOD:Ezekiel 43:19And thou shalt give to the priests the Levites that be of the seed of Zadok, which approach unto me, to minister unto me, saith the Lord GOD, a young bullock for a sin offering.1 Kings 2:35And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.Ezekiel 48:11It shall be for the priests that are sanctified of the sons of Zadok; which have kept my charge, which went not astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray.Numbers 16:5And he spake unto Korah and unto all his company, saying, Even to morrow the LORD will shew who are his, and who is holy; and will cause him to come near unto him: even him whom he hath chosen will he cause to come near unto him.Numbers 18:5And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.Ezekiel 45:4The holy portion of the land shall be for the priests the ministers of the sanctuary, which shall come near to minister unto the LORD: and it shall be a place for their houses, and an holy place for the sanctuary.Ezekiel 42:13Then said he unto me, The north chambers and the south chambers, which are before the separate place, they be holy chambers, where the priests that approach unto the LORD shall eat the most holy things: there shall they lay the most holy things, and the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering; for the place is holy.Leviticus 10:3Then Moses said unto Aaron, This is it that the LORD spake, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all the people I will be glorified. And Aaron held his peace.Numbers 16:40To be a memorial unto the children of Israel, that no stranger, which is not of the seed of Aaron, come near to offer incense before the LORD; that he be not as Korah, and as his company: as the LORD said to him by the hand of Moses.

Analysis & Commentary

The 'sons of Zadok among the sons of Levi' receive special mention as those authorized to 'come near to the LORD to minister unto him.' This distinguishes the Zadokite priesthood from other Levites—a reward for faithfulness. Historically, when northern Israel apostatized, Zadok's descendants remained loyal (1 Kings 1-2). The Hebrew קָרַב (qarav, 'come near') emphasizes privileged access to God's presence, not available to all. The chamber 'toward the north' (facing the altar) positions these priests for their primary duty: maintaining sacrificial worship. This verse teaches that faithful service receives divine recognition and special privileges. Reformed theology sees continuity in this principle: faithful ministers receive spiritual authority and blessing (1 Timothy 5:17, Hebrews 13:17). Ultimately, Christ our High Priest 'after the order of Melchizedek' (Hebrews 5-7) provides access for all believers to draw near (Hebrews 10:19-22).

Historical Context

Zadok was David's faithful priest who supported Solomon against Adonijah's rebellion (1 Kings 1:32-40). As reward, Solomon removed Abiathar (who supported Adonijah) and established Zadok's exclusive priesthood (1 Kings 2:26-27, 35), fulfilling prophecy against Eli's house (1 Samuel 2:27-36). Throughout Israel's history, Zadokite priests maintained the Jerusalem temple (1 Chronicles 6:1-15, 50-53). When many priests compromised with Jeroboam's golden calves or later with pagan worship, Zadokites generally remained faithful. Ezekiel emphasizes this distinction—faithfulness during apostasy merits continued ministry (Ezekiel 44:15-16). The 'keepers of the charge of the altar' maintained perpetual fire (Leviticus 6:12-13), offered daily sacrifices (Exodus 29:38-42), and entered the Holy Place. For exiles wondering if priesthood would continue, this vision assured Zadokite succession and faithful worship restoration.

Questions for Reflection

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