Ezekiel 40:19

Authorized King James Version

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Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, an hundred cubits eastward and northward.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּ֣מָד Then he measured H4058
וַיָּ֣מָד Then he measured
Strong's: H4058
Word #: 1 of 13
properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended
רֹ֡חַב the breadth H7341
רֹ֡חַב the breadth
Strong's: H7341
Word #: 2 of 13
width (literally or figuratively)
לִפְנֵ֨י from the forefront H6440
לִפְנֵ֨י from the forefront
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 3 of 13
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַשַּׁ֨עַר gate H8179
הַשַּׁ֨עַר gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 4 of 13
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַתַּחְתּ֜וֹנָה of the lower H8481
הַתַּחְתּ֜וֹנָה of the lower
Strong's: H8481
Word #: 5 of 13
bottommost
לִפְנֵ֨י from the forefront H6440
לִפְנֵ֨י from the forefront
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 13
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הֶחָצֵ֧ר court H2691
הֶחָצֵ֧ר court
Strong's: H2691
Word #: 7 of 13
a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)
הַפְּנִימִ֛י of the inner H6442
הַפְּנִימִ֛י of the inner
Strong's: H6442
Word #: 8 of 13
interior
מִח֖וּץ without H2351
מִח֖וּץ without
Strong's: H2351
Word #: 9 of 13
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
מֵאָ֣ה an hundred H3967
מֵאָ֣ה an hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 10 of 13
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
אַמָּ֑ה cubits H520
אַמָּ֑ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 11 of 13
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
הַקָּדִ֖ים eastward H6921
הַקָּדִ֖ים eastward
Strong's: H6921
Word #: 12 of 13
the fore or front part; hence (by orientation) the east (often adverbially, eastward, for brevity the east wind)
וְהַצָּפֽוֹן׃ and northward H6828
וְהַצָּפֽוֹן׃ and northward
Strong's: H6828
Word #: 13 of 13
properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)

Analysis & Commentary

The measurement 'from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, an hundred cubits eastward and northward'—defines courtyard depth. The hundred cubits (approximately 175 feet) created substantial distance between outer and inner courts, requiring deliberate progression. This physical separation symbolizes spiritual stages—outer court (Israel), inner court (priests), sanctuary (high priest alone). The eastward and northward measurements indicate comprehensive dimensioning. Reformed theology sees this as progressive sanctification—believers move from initial faith through increasing holiness toward full maturity. The substantial distance prevents casual rushing into God's presence. Reverence requires unhurried, intentional approach through proper stages.

Historical Context

Solomon's temple similarly had outer and inner courts (1 Kings 6:36, 2 Chronicles 4:9), distinguishing Israelites' access from priests' exclusive areas. The hundred-cubit measurement appears repeatedly (Ezekiel 41:13, 15; 42:16-20), emphasizing perfection and completeness. Herod's massive temple expansion created even more elaborate courtyard progressions: Court of Gentiles, Court of Women, Court of Israel, Court of Priests. Archaeological evidence from Israelite sites shows courtyard divisions common in sacred architecture. The staged approach trained worshipers in reverence—each step closer to God's presence required greater consecration. This principle continues: believers have immediate spiritual access through Christ but cultivate deeper intimacy through progressive sanctification.

Questions for Reflection

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