Exodus 34:12

Authorized King James Version

Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הִשָּׁ֣מֶר
Take heed
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#2
לְךָ֗
H0
#3
פֶּן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#4
תִּכְרֹ֤ת
to thyself lest thou make
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#5
בְּרִית֙
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#6
לְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב
with the inhabitants
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#7
הָאָ֔רֶץ
of the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#8
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
אַתָּ֖ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#10
בָּ֣א
whither thou goest
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#11
עָלֶ֑יהָ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
פֶּן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#13
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#14
לְמוֹקֵ֖שׁ
lest it be for a snare
a noose (for catching animals) (literally or figuratively); by implication, a hook (for the nose)
#15
בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃
in the midst
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Exodus, this passage highlights covenant through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of covenant connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Exodus.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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