Exodus 18:21

Authorized King James Version

Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאַתָּ֣ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#2
תֶֽחֱזֶ֣ה
Moreover thou shalt provide
to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have a vision of
#3
מִכָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#4
הָ֠עָם
out of all the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#5
אַנְשֵׁי
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#6
חַ֜יִל
able
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
#7
יִרְאֵ֧י
such as fear
fearing; morally, reverent
#8
אֱלֹהִ֛ים
God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#9
אַנְשֵׁ֥י
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#10
אֱמֶ֖ת
of truth
stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness
#11
שֹׂ֣נְאֵי
hating
to hate (personally)
#12
בָ֑צַע
covetousness
plunder; by extension, gain (usually unjust)
#13
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣
and place
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#14
עֲלֵהֶ֗ם
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#15
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
and rulers
a head person (of any rank or class)
#16
אֲלָפִים֙
of thousands
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#17
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
and rulers
a head person (of any rank or class)
#18
מֵא֔וֹת
of hundreds
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#19
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
and rulers
a head person (of any rank or class)
#20
חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים
of fifties
fifty
#21
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
and rulers
a head person (of any rank or class)
#22
עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃
of tens
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Exodus, this passage highlights kingdom of God through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of truth connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about truth, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Exodus.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on kingdom of God particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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