Esther 9:22

Authorized King James Version

PDF

As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.

Original Language Analysis

יְמֵי֙ As the days H3117
יְמֵי֙ As the days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 1 of 26
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נָ֨חוּ rested H5117
נָ֨חוּ rested
Strong's: H5117
Word #: 3 of 26
to rest, i.e., settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, l
בָהֶ֤ם H0
בָהֶ֤ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 26
הַיְּהוּדִים֙ wherein the Jews H3064
הַיְּהוּדִים֙ wherein the Jews
Strong's: H3064
Word #: 5 of 26
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)
מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם from their enemies H341
מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם from their enemies
Strong's: H341
Word #: 6 of 26
hating; an adversary
וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ and the month H2320
וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ and the month
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 7 of 26
the new moon; by implication, a month
אֲשֶׁר֩ H834
אֲשֶׁר֩
Strong's: H834
Word #: 8 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ which was turned H2015
נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ which was turned
Strong's: H2015
Word #: 9 of 26
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
לָהֶ֤ם H1992
לָהֶ֤ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 10 of 26
they (only used when emphatic)
מִיָּגוֹן֙ unto them from sorrow H3015
מִיָּגוֹן֙ unto them from sorrow
Strong's: H3015
Word #: 11 of 26
affliction
וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה and joy H8057
וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה and joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 12 of 26
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל and from mourning H60
וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל and from mourning
Strong's: H60
Word #: 13 of 26
lamentation
יְמֵי֙ As the days H3117
יְמֵי֙ As the days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 14 of 26
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
ט֑וֹב into a good H2896
ט֑וֹב into a good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 15 of 26
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
לַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת that they should make H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת that they should make
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 16 of 26
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אוֹתָ֗ם H853
אוֹתָ֗ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְמֵי֙ As the days H3117
יְמֵי֙ As the days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 18 of 26
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה of feasting H4960
מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה of feasting
Strong's: H4960
Word #: 19 of 26
drink, by implication, drinking (the act); also (by implication) a banquet or (generally) feast
וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה and joy H8057
וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה and joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 20 of 26
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ and of sending H4916
וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ and of sending
Strong's: H4916
Word #: 21 of 26
a sending out, i.e., (abstractly) presentation (favorable), or seizure (unfavorable); also (concretely) a place of dismissal, or a business to be disc
מָנוֹת֙ portions H4490
מָנוֹת֙ portions
Strong's: H4490
Word #: 22 of 26
properly, something weighed out, i.e., (generally) a division; specifically (of food) a ration; also a lot
אִ֣ישׁ one H376
אִ֣ישׁ one
Strong's: H376
Word #: 23 of 26
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ to another H7453
לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ to another
Strong's: H7453
Word #: 24 of 26
an associate (more or less close)
וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת and gifts H4979
וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת and gifts
Strong's: H4979
Word #: 25 of 26
a present; specifically (in a good sense), a sacrificial offering, (in a bad sense) a bribe
לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ to the poor H34
לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ to the poor
Strong's: H34
Word #: 26 of 26
destitute

Analysis & Commentary

Purim's perpetual significance: 'As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.' The Hebrew emphasizes reversal: 'nehpak lahem' (it was turned/reversed for them) from 'me-yagon le-simhah' (from sorrow to gladness) and 'me-evel le-yom tov' (from mourning to good day). The celebration includes feasting, sending food portions (mishloah manot), and gifts to poor (mattenot la-evyonim). This commemorates not just military victory but spiritual truth: God reverses enemy plots against His people. The permanent observance (v. 28: 'these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews') reminds each generation of God's providential care and faithfulness to covenant promises.

Historical Context

Purim ('lots,' from pur, 3:7—Haman cast lots to determine Jews' destruction date) celebrates events of Esther. After Haman's plot failed and Jews defended themselves (9:1-17), Mordecai established annual celebration on 14-15 Adar (9:20-22). Jews have observed Purim for 2,500+ years, reading Esther's scroll, feasting, and giving to poor—testimony to God's faithfulness. The reversal theme resonates with gospel: Christ turned our death sentence to life, sorrow to joy, curse to blessing (Galatians 3:13, John 16:20-22). The social justice element (gifts to poor) reflects that genuine gratitude for deliverance expresses itself in generosity toward the vulnerable. Every rescue God provides should prompt both worship and compassion.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Bible Stories