Esther 9:19

Authorized King James Version

Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#2
כֵּ֞ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#3
הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים
Therefore the Jews
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)
#4
הַפְּרָוזִ֗ים
of the villages
a rustic
#5
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֮
that dwelt
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#6
בְּעָרֵ֣י
towns
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#7
הַפְּרָזוֹת֒
in the unwalled
an open country
#8
עֹשִׂ֗ים
made
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#9
אֵ֠ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#10
וְי֣וֹם
day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#11
אַרְבָּעָ֤ה
the fourteenth
four
#12
עָשָׂר֙
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#13
לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ
of the month
the new moon; by implication, a month
#14
אֲדָ֔ר
Adar
adar, the 12th hebrew month
#15
שִׂמְחָ֥ה
a day of gladness
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
#16
וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה
and feasting
drink, by implication, drinking (the act); also (by implication) a banquet or (generally) feast
#17
וְי֣וֹם
day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#18
ט֑וֹב
and a good
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
#19
וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ
and of sending
a sending out, i.e., (abstractly) presentation (favorable), or seizure (unfavorable); also (concretely) a place of dismissal, or a business to be disc
#20
מָנ֖וֹת
portions
properly, something weighed out, i.e., (generally) a division; specifically (of food) a ration; also a lot
#21
אִ֥ישׁ
one
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#22
לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃
to another
an associate (more or less close)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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