Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish (אַל־תִּרְשַׁע הַרְבֵּה וְאַל־תְּהִי סָכָל, al-tirsha harbeh ve'al-tehi sakhal)—If verse 16 warns against self-righteous excess, verse 17 warns against presuming on grace. 'Over much wicked' doesn't permit moderate wickedness but warns against deliberately escalating in evil. 'Foolish' (sakhal) describes moral stupidity—rejecting wisdom's path.
Why shouldest thou die before thy time? (לָמָּה תָמוּת בְּלֹא עִתֶּךָ, lamah tamut belo itekha)—'Before thy time' suggests natural lifespan versus premature death through folly. Proverbs repeatedly warns that sin shortens life: 'The fear of the Lord prolongs life, but the years of the wicked will be short' (Proverbs 10:27). While exceptions exist (verse 15 acknowledges them), the general principle holds—self-destructive behavior brings consequences. Romans 6:23 declares 'the wages of sin is death.' The verse warns against testing God's patience or assuming His grace licenses sin (Romans 6:1-2).
Historical Context
Ancient Israel witnessed consequences of escalating wickedness: Saul's jealousy led to madness and suicide (1 Samuel 31:4); Ahab's idolatry brought premature death (1 Kings 22:34-38); Uzziah's presumption resulted in leprosy (2 Chronicles 26:19-21). The principle extends to nations: when wickedness reaches fullness, judgment falls (Genesis 15:16, Daniel 8:23). Church history shows individuals and movements that presumed on grace while pursuing wickedness—Nicolaitans (Revelation 2:6), libertines, antinomians. Paul repeatedly warned against using freedom as license for sin (Galatians 5:13, 1 Peter 2:16). This verse, paired with verse 16, establishes balance: avoid both self-righteous legalism and presumptuous license. Fear God and walk in His ways.
Questions for Reflection
Are you presuming on God's grace in any area, assuming forgiveness permits ongoing sin?
What 'foolish' choices might be shortening your effectiveness or even your life? What repentance is needed?
Analysis & Commentary
Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish (אַל־תִּרְשַׁע הַרְבֵּה וְאַל־תְּהִי סָכָל, al-tirsha harbeh ve'al-tehi sakhal)—If verse 16 warns against self-righteous excess, verse 17 warns against presuming on grace. 'Over much wicked' doesn't permit moderate wickedness but warns against deliberately escalating in evil. 'Foolish' (sakhal) describes moral stupidity—rejecting wisdom's path.
Why shouldest thou die before thy time? (לָמָּה תָמוּת בְּלֹא עִתֶּךָ, lamah tamut belo itekha)—'Before thy time' suggests natural lifespan versus premature death through folly. Proverbs repeatedly warns that sin shortens life: 'The fear of the Lord prolongs life, but the years of the wicked will be short' (Proverbs 10:27). While exceptions exist (verse 15 acknowledges them), the general principle holds—self-destructive behavior brings consequences. Romans 6:23 declares 'the wages of sin is death.' The verse warns against testing God's patience or assuming His grace licenses sin (Romans 6:1-2).