Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise (אַל־תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה וְאַל־תִּתְחַכַּם יוֹתֵר, al-tehi tsaddiq harbeh ve'al-titchakam yoter)—This paradoxical command has troubled interpreters. Does Solomon counsel moderation in righteousness? No—the issue is self-righteousness and hyper-scrupulosity. 'Over much' (harbeh yoter) suggests excess beyond God's requirements, creating burdensome legalism. The Pharisees exemplified this, adding traditions that obscured God's intent (Matthew 23:4, 23-24).
Why shouldest thou destroy thyself? (לָמָּה תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, lamah tishomem)—The verb tishomem means 'bring ruin upon yourself' or 'be desolated.' Self-righteous legalism destroys through pride, judgmentalism, and burden-bearing God never intended. Jesus warned against those who 'strain out a gnat and swallow a camel' (Matthew 23:24). The verse warns against religious performance that exceeds biblical requirement while missing biblical intention. True wisdom humbly fears God; false wisdom trusts in self-achieved righteousness.
Historical Context
Jewish tradition developed extensive halakhic (legal) interpretations, many beneficial but some burdensome. Jesus confronted Sabbath regulations that prohibited healing (Mark 3:1-6) and ceremonial washings that replaced heart obedience (Mark 7:1-13). Paul fought legalists who added circumcision to grace (Galatians 5:1-6). Church history includes monastic extremes, ascetic excesses, and legalistic movements that equated godliness with man-made restrictions. The verse doesn't oppose genuine righteousness (Matthew 5:20, Philippians 3:8-9) but self-manufactured religiosity. The Reformers recovered this biblical balance: justified by faith alone, not works-righteousness. The 'already/not yet' tension means Christians pursue holiness (1 Peter 1:15-16) while acknowledging ongoing struggle (Romans 7:14-25) and complete dependence on grace.
Questions for Reflection
Where might you be practicing 'over righteousness'—creating standards beyond Scripture that burden yourself or judge others?
How do you balance pursuing holiness with avoiding self-righteous pride or legalistic performance?
Analysis & Commentary
Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise (אַל־תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה וְאַל־תִּתְחַכַּם יוֹתֵר, al-tehi tsaddiq harbeh ve'al-titchakam yoter)—This paradoxical command has troubled interpreters. Does Solomon counsel moderation in righteousness? No—the issue is self-righteousness and hyper-scrupulosity. 'Over much' (harbeh yoter) suggests excess beyond God's requirements, creating burdensome legalism. The Pharisees exemplified this, adding traditions that obscured God's intent (Matthew 23:4, 23-24).
Why shouldest thou destroy thyself? (לָמָּה תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, lamah tishomem)—The verb tishomem means 'bring ruin upon yourself' or 'be desolated.' Self-righteous legalism destroys through pride, judgmentalism, and burden-bearing God never intended. Jesus warned against those who 'strain out a gnat and swallow a camel' (Matthew 23:24). The verse warns against religious performance that exceeds biblical requirement while missing biblical intention. True wisdom humbly fears God; false wisdom trusts in self-achieved righteousness.