Deuteronomy 27:22

Authorized King James Version

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Cursed be he that lieth with his sister, the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen.

Original Language Analysis

אָר֗וּר Cursed H779
אָר֗וּר Cursed
Strong's: H779
Word #: 1 of 13
to execrate
שֹׁכֵב֙ be he that lieth H7901
שֹׁכֵב֙ be he that lieth
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 2 of 13
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 3 of 13
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
אֲחֹת֔וֹ with his sister H269
אֲחֹת֔וֹ with his sister
Strong's: H269
Word #: 4 of 13
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
בַת or the daughter H1323
בַת or the daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 5 of 13
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אָבִ֖יו of his father H1
אָבִ֖יו of his father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 6 of 13
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
א֣וֹ H176
א֣וֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 7 of 13
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
בַת or the daughter H1323
בַת or the daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 8 of 13
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִמּ֑וֹ of his mother H517
אִמּ֑וֹ of his mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 9 of 13
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
וְאָמַ֥ר shall say H559
וְאָמַ֥ר shall say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 10 of 13
to say (used with great latitude)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 13
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֖ם And all the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם And all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 12 of 13
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אָמֵֽן׃ Amen H543
אָמֵֽן׃ Amen
Strong's: H543
Word #: 13 of 13
sure; abstract, faithfulness; adverb, truly

Analysis & Commentary

Cursed be he that lieth with his sister—the Hebrew shochev (שֹׁכֵב, lies with) uses covenant violation language. Leviticus 18:9 and 20:17 explicitly prohibit this incest, calling it chesed (חֶסֶד, disgrace/shame, not to be confused with the positive hesed). The arur (אָרוּר, cursed) formula marks covenant-breaking that severs one from God's blessing and community.

The precision—the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother—covers both full and half-siblings, closing any loophole. The communal response And all the people shall say, Amen makes every Israelite complicit in enforcing God's sexual purity standards. To remain silent when such sin occurred was to share in the curse. This anticipates church discipline principles (Matthew 18:15-20; 1 Corinthians 5:1-13).

Historical Context

These twelve curses (Deuteronomy 27:15-26) were proclaimed antiphonally at Mount Ebal as Israel entered Canaan (Joshua 8:30-35). Six tribes stood on Mount Gerizim for blessings, six on Mount Ebal for curses, with the Levites in the valley between declaring covenant conditions. The list emphasizes secret sins—violations done in darkness that human courts might not detect but that still brought divine judgment. Ancient Near Eastern cultures often tolerated incest among royalty (Egyptian pharaohs married siblings), but Israel's law reflected God's holiness.

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