Deuteronomy 18:1

Authorized King James Version

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The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and his inheritance.

Original Language Analysis

לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 15
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִ֠הְיֶה H1961
יִ֠הְיֶה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 2 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לַכֹּֽהֲנִ֨ים The priests H3548
לַכֹּֽהֲנִ֨ים The priests
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 3 of 15
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
הַלְוִיִּ֜ם the Levites H3881
הַלְוִיִּ֜ם the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 4 of 15
a levite or descendant of levi
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 5 of 15
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
שֵׁ֧בֶט and all the tribe H7626
שֵׁ֧בֶט and all the tribe
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 6 of 15
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
לֵוִ֛י of Levi H3878
לֵוִ֛י of Levi
Strong's: H3878
Word #: 7 of 15
levi, a son of jacob
חֵ֥לֶק shall have no part H2506
חֵ֥לֶק shall have no part
Strong's: H2506
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, smoothness (of the tongue)
וְנַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ and his inheritance H5159
וְנַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ and his inheritance
Strong's: H5159
Word #: 9 of 15
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 10 of 15
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל with Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל with Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 11 of 15
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אִשֵּׁ֧י made by fire H801
אִשֵּׁ֧י made by fire
Strong's: H801
Word #: 12 of 15
properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
יְהוָ֛ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֛ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְנַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ and his inheritance H5159
וְנַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ and his inheritance
Strong's: H5159
Word #: 14 of 15
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
יֹֽאכֵלֽוּן׃ they shall eat H398
יֹֽאכֵלֽוּן׃ they shall eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 15 of 15
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel (לֹא־יִהְיֶה לַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם כָּל־שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל)—God Himself is their nachalah (inheritance). Unlike the other tribes who received land territories, the Levites' portion was sacred service and divine provision through the offerings of the LORD made by fire (isheh YHWH).

The phrase isheh refers specifically to burnt offerings consumed on the altar, while his inheritance (nachalato) means God's own portion. The Levites ate what was offered to God—a profound intimacy. This establishes a radical principle: those devoted to God's service depend entirely on His provision through His people's obedience. Numbers 18:20 makes this explicit: "I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel."

Paul applies this principle in 1 Corinthians 9:13-14—"they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple"—establishing that gospel ministers deserve material support. The Levitical model foreshadows the New Covenant reality that God Himself is the believer's true inheritance (Psalm 16:5, Ephesians 1:18).

Historical Context

This law was given on the plains of Moab (circa 1406 BC) just before Israel entered Canaan, where land distribution would occur. The tribe of Levi descended from Jacob's third son but was set apart for priesthood after the golden calf incident (Exodus 32:26-29). Instead of territorial inheritance, the Levites received 48 cities scattered throughout Israel's tribal territories (Numbers 35:1-8, Joshua 21), allowing them to teach the law and serve in worship centers while depending on tithes and offerings for sustenance.

Questions for Reflection

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