Deuteronomy 17:1

Authorized King James Version

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Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the LORD thy God any bullock, or sheep, wherein is blemish, or any evilfavouredness: for that is an abomination unto the LORD thy God.

Original Language Analysis

לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תִזְבַּח֩ Thou shalt not sacrifice H2076
תִזְבַּח֩ Thou shalt not sacrifice
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 2 of 18
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
יְהוָ֥ה unto the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֥ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ thy God H430
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ thy God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 4 of 18
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
שׁ֣וֹר any bullock H7794
שׁ֣וֹר any bullock
Strong's: H7794
Word #: 5 of 18
a bullock (as a traveller)
וָשֶׂ֗ה or sheep H7716
וָשֶׂ֗ה or sheep
Strong's: H7716
Word #: 6 of 18
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה H1961
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 8 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בוֹ֙ H0
בוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 18
מ֔וּם wherein is blemish H3971
מ֔וּם wherein is blemish
Strong's: H3971
Word #: 10 of 18
a blemish (physically or morally)
כֹּ֖ל H3605
כֹּ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 18
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּבָ֣ר H1697
דָּבָ֣ר
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 12 of 18
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
רָ֑ע or any evilfavouredness H7451
רָ֑ע or any evilfavouredness
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 13 of 18
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
כִּ֧י H3588
כִּ֧י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 14 of 18
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
תֽוֹעֲבַ֛ת for that is an abomination H8441
תֽוֹעֲבַ֛ת for that is an abomination
Strong's: H8441
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e., (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol
יְהוָ֥ה unto the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֥ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 16 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ thy God H430
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ thy God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 17 of 18
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
הֽוּא׃ H1931
הֽוּא׃
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 18 of 18
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis & Commentary

Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the LORD thy God any bullock, or sheep, wherein is blemish (מוּם, mum)—a defect, flaw, or physical imperfection. Leviticus 22:20-25 elaborates: lameness, blindness, broken bones all disqualify. The Hebrew any evilfavouredness (דָּבָר רָע, davar ra) means 'any bad thing'—even minor flaws.

Why such strictness? Because that is an abomination (תּוֹעֵבָה, to'evah) unto the LORD. Offering defective animals insults God's holiness and reveals contempt, not worship. Malachi 1:8, 13-14 condemns this exact sin: offering blind, lame, sick animals while keeping healthy ones. The principle: God deserves our best, not our leftovers. Christ fulfilled this as the spotless Lamb (1 Peter 1:19).

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern sacrificial systems often accepted blemished animals—worshipers kept the best livestock for themselves. Israel's law demanded the opposite: firstborn males, unblemished offerings. This distinguished Yahweh-worship from pagan pragmatism. Post-exilic Judah violated this (Malachi 1), contributing to spiritual decline.

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