Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice.
Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God—The Hebrew tachog (תָּחֹ֣ג, 'you shall feast') comes from chagag, meaning to make a pilgrimage feast, to celebrate. The phrase 'unto the LORD' (לַיהוָ֣ה) specifies that Sukkot's joy honors God, not mere harvest success. The seven days signify completeness, reflecting creation's pattern and covenant wholeness.
Because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands—The causal particle 'because' (כִּ֣י) grounds commanded joy in God's blessing. 'All thine increase' (kol-tevuatecha, כָּל־תְּב֣וּאָתְךָ֔) means all your produce, while 'works of thine hands' (ma'aseh yadecha, מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֑יךָ) encompasses all labor. God blesses both field's yield and human work—agriculture and craftsmanship alike. Therefore thou shalt surely rejoice—The emphatic construction (vehayita ach sameach, וְהָיִ֖יתָ אַ֥ךְ שָׂמֵֽחַ) literally means 'you shall be only/surely joyful.' Divine blessing demands joyful worship response.
Historical Context
This command assumes Israel's settled agricultural life in Canaan, contrasting with wilderness manna-dependence. The feast celebrates God's faithfulness from wilderness provision to Canaan's abundance. The repeated emphasis on joy (vv. 11, 14, 15) distinguishes Sukkot from the more solemn Day of Atonement (five days earlier). Jewish tradition labeled Sukkot 'the season of our joy' (zeman simchateinu). Nehemiah 8:13-18 records Sukkot's revival after exile, demonstrating its enduring significance in Jewish worship and identity.
Questions for Reflection
How does recognizing that both harvest and human labor are God-blessed change your perspective on work and provision?
In what ways should God's material blessings produce not complacency but joyful worship and generous sharing?
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Analysis & Commentary
Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God—The Hebrew tachog (תָּחֹ֣ג, 'you shall feast') comes from chagag, meaning to make a pilgrimage feast, to celebrate. The phrase 'unto the LORD' (לַיהוָ֣ה) specifies that Sukkot's joy honors God, not mere harvest success. The seven days signify completeness, reflecting creation's pattern and covenant wholeness.
Because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands—The causal particle 'because' (כִּ֣י) grounds commanded joy in God's blessing. 'All thine increase' (kol-tevuatecha, כָּל־תְּב֣וּאָתְךָ֔) means all your produce, while 'works of thine hands' (ma'aseh yadecha, מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֑יךָ) encompasses all labor. God blesses both field's yield and human work—agriculture and craftsmanship alike. Therefore thou shalt surely rejoice—The emphatic construction (vehayita ach sameach, וְהָיִ֖יתָ אַ֥ךְ שָׂמֵֽחַ) literally means 'you shall be only/surely joyful.' Divine blessing demands joyful worship response.