Deuteronomy 12:3

Authorized King James Version

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And ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves with fire; and ye shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place.

Original Language Analysis

וְנִתַּצְתֶּ֣ם And ye shall overthrow H5422
וְנִתַּצְתֶּ֣ם And ye shall overthrow
Strong's: H5422
Word #: 1 of 18
to tear down
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִזְבּחֹתָ֗ם their altars H4196
מִזְבּחֹתָ֗ם their altars
Strong's: H4196
Word #: 3 of 18
an altar
וְשִׁבַּרְתֶּם֙ and break H7665
וְשִׁבַּרְתֶּם֙ and break
Strong's: H7665
Word #: 4 of 18
to burst (literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מַצֵּ֣בֹתָ֔ם their pillars H4676
מַצֵּ֣בֹתָ֔ם their pillars
Strong's: H4676
Word #: 6 of 18
something stationed, i.e., a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an idol
וַאֲשֵֽׁרֵיהֶם֙ their groves H842
וַאֲשֵֽׁרֵיהֶם֙ their groves
Strong's: H842
Word #: 7 of 18
asherah (or astarte) a phoenician goddess; also an image of the same
תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן and burn H8313
תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן and burn
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 8 of 18
to be (causatively, set) on fire
בָּאֵ֔שׁ with fire H784
בָּאֵ֔שׁ with fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 9 of 18
fire (literally or figuratively)
וּפְסִילֵ֥י the graven images H6456
וּפְסִילֵ֥י the graven images
Strong's: H6456
Word #: 10 of 18
an idol
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם of their gods H430
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם of their gods
Strong's: H430
Word #: 11 of 18
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
תְּגַדֵּע֑וּן and ye shall hew down H1438
תְּגַדֵּע֑וּן and ye shall hew down
Strong's: H1438
Word #: 12 of 18
to fell a tree; generally, to destroy anything
וְאִבַּדְתֶּ֣ם and destroy H6
וְאִבַּדְתֶּ֣ם and destroy
Strong's: H6
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שְׁמָ֔ם the names H8034
שְׁמָ֔ם the names
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 15 of 18
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 16 of 18
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַמָּק֖וֹם of them out of that place H4725
הַמָּק֖וֹם of them out of that place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 17 of 18
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
הַהֽוּא׃ H1931
הַהֽוּא׃
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 18 of 18
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis & Commentary

The destruction must be thorough: 'ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves with fire; and ye shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place.' This specifies complete eradication of idolatrous infrastructure. The Hebrew verbs are violent: natats (נָתַץ, overthrow/break down), shabar (שָׁבַר, shatter), saraph (שָׂרַף, burn), gada (גָּדַע, cut down), abad (אָבַד, destroy). Even the 'names' must be destroyed—eliminating all memory and association. This reflects ancient concept that names carry power and presence. Destroying the name means obliterating the deity's cultural influence.

Historical Context

The 'pillars' (matsevot, מַצֵּבוֹת) were standing stones marking sacred sites. 'Groves' (asherim, אֲשֵׁרִים) were wooden poles or living trees sacred to Asherah. 'Graven images' (pesilim, פְּסִילִים) were carved idols. Archaeological excavations at Canaanite sites (Hazor, Megiddo, Gezer) have uncovered such cultic installations. Israel's partial obedience left high places that repeatedly ensnared them (Judges 2:1-3; 1 Kings 14:23). Josiah's reform (2 Kings 23) finally attempted comprehensive purging, but too late to prevent exile.

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