Daniel 4:37
Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment: and those that walk in pride he is able to abase.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Nebuchadnezzar's final testimony (likely near the end of his reign, before his death in 562 BC) represents Scripture's most extensive conversion narrative of a pagan ruler. Unlike Pharaoh who hardened his heart despite repeated warnings, Nebuchadnezzar progresses from grudging acknowledgment (chapter 2) through incomplete recognition (chapter 3) to full confession of God's sovereignty (chapter 4). This theological development spans decades and multiple divine interventions.
The chapter's unique literary structure—a royal proclamation distributed throughout the empire—means Nebuchadnezzar's testimony served evangelistic purposes, proclaiming Yahweh's sovereignty to pagan nations. This fulfilled God's promise to Abraham that through his seed "all nations of the earth" would be blessed (Genesis 22:18). Nebuchadnezzar's humbling and restoration demonstrated God's power to bring even the mightiest kings to acknowledge His sovereignty, encouraging Jewish exiles that their God remained supreme despite circumstances suggesting abandonment.
Questions for Reflection
- How does Nebuchadnezzar's transformation from proud self-exaltation to humble worship model genuine conversion and sanctification?
- In what specific areas might God be calling you to acknowledge His sovereignty where you currently assert self-sufficient control?
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Analysis & Commentary
Nebuchadnezzar's concluding testimony represents the chapter's theological climax: "Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven." The threefold affirmation—"praise" (meshabbeach, מְשַׁבֵּחַ, to commend), "extol" (merommem, מְרוֹמֵם, to lift up or magnify), and "honour" (mehadar, מְהַדַּר, to glorify)—emphasizes comprehensive worship using multiple Hebrew terms for exaltation. This contrasts starkly with his earlier self-exaltation (v. 30), demonstrating complete transformation from pride to humility.
The title "King of heaven" (Malka shemaya, מַלְכָּא שְׁמַיָּא) acknowledges God's absolute sovereignty over earthly rulers. The phrase "all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment" confesses divine perfection in both action ("works are truth") and governance ("ways judgment"). This represents mature theological understanding—God's deeds align perfectly with reality, and His governance reflects perfect justice. Nebuchadnezzar affirms what he previously resisted: God's right to rule and His perfect wisdom in exercising sovereignty.
The concluding statement "those that walk in pride he is able to abase" represents personal testimony from experience. The word "abase" (hashpilah, הַשְׁפִּילָה, to bring low or humble) describes precisely what Nebuchadnezzar experienced. His testimony warns others against pride while testifying to God's power to humble the proud. This points to the gospel's central paradox: Christ humbled Himself and was therefore highly exalted (Philippians 2:8-11), and believers must humble themselves to be exalted by God (James 4:10, 1 Peter 5:6).