Daniel 4:35

Authorized King James Version

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And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?

Original Language Analysis

וְכָל And all H3606
וְכָל And all
Strong's: H3606
Word #: 1 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
וְדָאְרֵ֖י and among the inhabitants H1753
וְדָאְרֵ֖י and among the inhabitants
Strong's: H1753
Word #: 2 of 20
to reside
אַרְעָ֑א of the earth H772
אַרְעָ֑א of the earth
Strong's: H772
Word #: 3 of 20
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
וְלָ֤א and none H3809
וְלָ֤א and none
Strong's: H3809
Word #: 4 of 20
no, not
חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין are reputed H2804
חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין are reputed
Strong's: H2804
Word #: 5 of 20
to regard
וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ according to his will H6634
וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ according to his will
Strong's: H6634
Word #: 6 of 20
to please
עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ and he doeth H5648
עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ and he doeth
Strong's: H5648
Word #: 7 of 20
to do, make, prepare, keep, etc
בְּחֵ֣יל in the army H2429
בְּחֵ֣יל in the army
Strong's: H2429
Word #: 8 of 20
an army, or strength
שְׁמַיָּ֔א of heaven H8065
שְׁמַיָּ֔א of heaven
Strong's: H8065
Word #: 9 of 20
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
וְדָאְרֵ֖י and among the inhabitants H1753
וְדָאְרֵ֖י and among the inhabitants
Strong's: H1753
Word #: 10 of 20
to reside
אַרְעָ֑א of the earth H772
אַרְעָ֑א of the earth
Strong's: H772
Word #: 11 of 20
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
וְלָ֤א and none H3809
וְלָ֤א and none
Strong's: H3809
Word #: 12 of 20
no, not
אִיתַי֙ can H383
אִיתַי֙ can
Strong's: H383
Word #: 13 of 20
properly, entity; used only as a particle of affirmation, there is
דִּֽי H1768
דִּֽי
Strong's: H1768
Word #: 14 of 20
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
יְמַחֵ֣א stay H4223
יְמַחֵ֣א stay
Strong's: H4223
Word #: 15 of 20
to strike in pieces; also to arrest; specifically to impale
בִידֵ֔הּ his hand H3028
בִידֵ֔הּ his hand
Strong's: H3028
Word #: 16 of 20
hand (indicating power)
וְיֵ֥אמַר or say H560
וְיֵ֥אמַר or say
Strong's: H560
Word #: 17 of 20
to speak, to command
לֵ֖הּ H0
לֵ֖הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 18 of 20
מָ֥ה unto him What H4101
מָ֥ה unto him What
Strong's: H4101
Word #: 19 of 20
what?, why?, how?
עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ and he doeth H5648
עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ and he doeth
Strong's: H5648
Word #: 20 of 20
to do, make, prepare, keep, etc

Analysis & Commentary

The king's theological declaration demonstrates transformed understanding: 'And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?' This radical theology relativizes all human importance ('reputed as nothing') while asserting absolute divine sovereignty. God exercises will among both heavenly beings ('army of heaven') and earthly dwellers. The rhetorical question 'none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?' affirms God's freedom from human accountability. This comes from one who learned through bitter experience that human pride cannot resist divine purposes.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern theology typically portrayed gods as powerful but constrained by cosmic forces, other deities, or fate. Nebuchadnezzar's declaration transcends pagan categories—God operates with complete freedom, unlimited by external constraints. The 'army of heaven' likely refers to angelic beings (cf. 1 Kings 22:19). Mesopotamian religion included complex hierarchies of deities and divine beings. The king now confesses one God who commands both supernatural and natural realms without limitation or accountability to any higher power.

Questions for Reflection

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