Daniel 12:1

Analysis & Commentary

The phrase "at that time" connects this prophecy to preceding visions of conflict and persecution (chapter 11). "Shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people" identifies Michael as Israel's protector, an archangel specially assigned to defend God's covenant people. The verb amad (עָמַד, "stand up") suggests rising to action, intervening decisively on Israel's behalf during crisis. Michael's titles—"the great prince" and protector of "thy people"—emphasize his unique role concerning Israel.

"And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation" describes unprecedented tribulation. Jesus directly referenced this verse in Matthew 24:21, applying it to both Jerusalem's destruction (AD 70) and final eschatological crisis. The phrase "such as never was" indicates unparalleled intensity and scope of suffering. However, the promise "thy people shall be delivered" assures that faithful believers will be preserved through judgment. The qualification "every one that shall be found written in the book" introduces the Book of Life concept (Revelation 20:12, 15), indicating that salvation depends on divine election and inscription in God's record.

This verse teaches God's sovereign protection of His elect through history's darkest periods. Though tribulation will be severe, believers won't be abandoned—Michael's intervention ensures their preservation. This doesn't guarantee physical survival but eternal salvation. The reference to the Book emphasizes that salvation is God's work, not human achievement. This points to Christ, whose intercession ensures believers' names remain in the Book of Life, secured by His atoning death.

Historical Context

Daniel 12:1 was received during Cyrus's third year (536 BC) as part of the final vision (chapters 10-12), describing conflicts through the intertestamental period, Roman occupation, and ultimate eschatological consummation. "The time of trouble" had near fulfillment during persecution under Antiochus IV Epiphanes (167-164 BC), who desecrated the temple, outlawed Jewish practice, and martyred thousands. Jesus applied it to Jerusalem's destruction by Rome (AD 70), when over one million Jews died. Many also see ultimate fulfillment in final tribulation preceding Christ's return.

The promise of Michael's intervention encouraged persecuted Jews that angelic protection accompanied them through suffering. Early Christians facing Roman persecution found hope in this assurance—God hadn't abandoned them despite apparent triumph of evil. The Book of Life concept assured believers that those predestined to salvation would be preserved, even if physically martyred, because eternal life transcends physical death.

Questions for Reflection

• How does understanding Michael's role as Israel's protector inform your prayers for Israel and interpretation of Middle Eastern events?
• What comfort does the promise of deliverance for "every one that shall be found written in the book" provide during times of intense persecution or suffering?