Amos 8:5

Authorized King James Version

Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לֵאמֹ֗ר
Saying
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
מָתַ֞י
properly, extent (of time); but used only adverbially (especially with other particle prefixes), when (either relative or interrogative)
#3
יַעֲבֹ֤ר
be gone
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#4
הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙
When will the new moon
the new moon; by implication, a month
#5
וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה
that we may sell
to deal in grain
#6
שֶּׁ֔בֶר
corn
grain (as if broken into kernels)
#7
וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת
and the sabbath
intermission, i.e (specifically) the sabbath
#8
וְנִפְתְּחָה
that we may set forth
to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
#9
בָּ֑ר
wheat
grain of any kind (even while standing in the field); by extension the open country
#10
לְהַקְטִ֤ין
small
to diminish, i.e., be (causatively, make) diminutive or (figuratively) of no account
#11
אֵיפָה֙
making the ephah
an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general
#12
וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל
great
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
#13
שֶׁ֔קֶל
and the shekel
probably a weight; used as a commercial standard
#14
וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת
and falsifying
to wrest
#15
מֹאזְנֵ֥י
the balances
(only in the dual) a pair of scales
#16
מִרְמָֽה׃
by deceit
fraud

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Amos. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Amos Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection