Amos 1:3

Authorized King James Version

Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כֹּ֚ה
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
#2
אָמַ֣ר
Thus saith
to say (used with great latitude)
#3
יְהוָ֔ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
שְׁלֹשָׁה֙
For three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#6
פִּשְׁעֵ֣י
transgressions
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#7
דַמֶּ֔שֶׂק
of Damascus
damascus, a city of syria
#8
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
אַרְבָּעָ֖ה
and for four
four
#10
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ
I will not turn away
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
דּוּשָׁ֛ם
the punishment thereof because they have threshed
to trample or thresh
#14
בַּחֲרֻצ֥וֹת
with threshing instruments
properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a threshing-sledge (having sharp tee
#15
הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל
of iron
iron (as cutting); by extension, an iron implement
#16
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#17
הַגִּלְעָֽד׃
Gilead
gilad, a region east of the jordan; also the name of three israelites

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection