Amos 1:11

Authorized King James Version

Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כֹּ֚ה
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
#2
אָמַ֣ר
Thus saith
to say (used with great latitude)
#3
יְהוָ֔ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
שְׁלֹשָׁה֙
For three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#6
פִּשְׁעֵ֣י
transgressions
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#7
אֱד֔וֹם
of Edom
edom, the elder twin-brother of jacob; hence the region (idumaea) occupied by him
#8
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
אַרְבָּעָ֖ה
and for four
four
#10
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ
I will not turn away
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
רָדְפ֨וֹ
the punishment thereof because he did pursue
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
#14
בַחֶ֤רֶב
with the sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#15
אָחִיו֙
his brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#16
וְשִׁחֵ֣ת
and did cast off
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
#17
רַחֲמָ֔יו
all pity
compassion (in the plural)
#18
וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף
did tear
to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively to supply with food (as in morsels)
#19
לָעַד֙
perpetually
properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e., (by implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity (substantially as a noun, either with or wit
#20
אַפּ֔וֹ
and his anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#21
וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ
his wrath
an outburst of passion
#22
שְׁמָ֥רָה
and he kept
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#23
נֶֽצַח׃
for ever
properly, a goal, i.e., the bright object at a distance travelled towards; hence (figuratively), splendor, or (subjectively) truthfulness, or (objecti

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Amos. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection