Acts 10:45

Authorized King James Version

And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἐξέστησαν
were astonished
to put (stand) out of wits, i.e., astound, or (reflexively) become astounded, insane
#3
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἐκ
they of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#5
περιτομῆς
the circumcision
circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)
#6
πιστοὶ
which believed
objectively, trustworthy; subjectively, trustful
#7
ὅσοι
as many as
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
#8
συνῆλθον
came with
to convene, depart in company with, associate with, or (specially), cohabit (conjugally)
#9
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
Πέτρῳ
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#11
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#12
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
ἐπὶ
that on
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#14
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
ἔθνη
the Gentiles
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)
#16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
δωρεὰ
the gift
a gratuity
#18
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἁγίου
G40
of the Holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#20
πνεύματος
Ghost
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#21
ἐκκέχυται·
was poured out
to pour forth; figuratively, to bestow

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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