Psalms 139:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 139:20
20 For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain.
Chapter Context
Psalms 139 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of redemption, obedience, fellowship. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-24: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it offers practical wisdom for godly living in a fallen world. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 139:20
20 For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain.
Analysis
For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain. This verse explains why David prays for judgment: the wicked don't just harm people but blaspheme God. Speak against thee wickedly (לִמְזִמָּה, limzimmah) carries the idea of plotting, scheming with malicious intent—not casual irreverence but calculated rebellion. Thine enemies (עָרֶיךָ, arecha) are God's adversaries, not merely David's.
Take thy name in vain (נָשְׂאוּ לַשָּׁוְא, nas'u lashav) violates the third commandment (Exodus 20:7)—using God's name for empty, deceptive purposes or treating it with contempt. The wicked invoke God's name to legitimize their evil schemes. For David, God's honor is at stake; this isn't about personal offense but defending divine glory. Those intimate with God (vv. 1-18) cannot be neutral when His name is profaned.
Historical Context
Throughout Israel's history, false prophets and wicked leaders used God's name to authorize injustice (Jeremiah 23:16-17, Ezekiel 13:6-7). In David's time, rival claimants to the throne may have invoked YHWH's name falsely. Jesus faced similar blasphemy from religious leaders who claimed God's authority while rejecting God's Son.
Reflection
- In what subtle ways might you be 'taking God's name in vain' by claiming His authority for your own agenda?
- How does deep intimacy with God (vv. 1-18) create intolerance for seeing His name profaned by others?
- What is your responsibility when you witness God's name or character being misrepresented?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Psalms 74:18, Exodus 20:7, Isaiah 37:23, Jude 1:15, Revelation 13:6