John 5:21
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
John 5:21
21 For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them; even so the Son quickeneth whom he will.
Chapter Context
John 5 is a theological gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of obedience, righteousness, mercy. Written during the late first century CE (c. 90-95 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed late first-century challenges from both Judaism and emerging Gnostic thought.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-47: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within John and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
John 5:21
21 For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them; even so the Son quickeneth whom he will.
Analysis
'For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them; even so the Son quickeneth whom he will.' Raising the dead is God's exclusive prerogative (Deuteronomy 32:39). Jesus claims this same power—giving life to whomever He chooses. The 'whom he will' emphasizes sovereign choice. This isn't mere prophetic delegation (Elijah, Elisha raising dead) but divine prerogative exercised sovereignly. The Son gives life by His own authority.
Historical Context
This claim would be fulfilled in raising Lazarus (John 11), the widow's son (Luke 7), and Jairus's daughter (Mark 5). Ultimately, it points to the general resurrection at the last day (verses 28-29). Jesus claims power over life and death—the ultimate divine prerogative.
Reflection
- How does raising the dead demonstrate divine authority?
- What does 'whom he will' teach about the Son's sovereign freedom in giving life?
Cross-References
- Resurrection: John 11:25, Acts 26:8, Romans 8:11
- Parallel theme: John 17:2, Deuteronomy 32:39, 1 Kings 17:21, 2 Kings 5:7