Exodus 5:2
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 5:2
2 And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.
Chapter Context
Exodus 5 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, fellowship, discipleship. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-23: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 5:2
2 And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.
Analysis
Pharaoh's response 'Who is the LORD (יְהוָה) that I should obey his voice?' reveals the central conflict: will Egypt's god-king submit to Israel's God? His claim 'I know not the LORD' demonstrates willful ignorance—the plagues will answer this question definitively. This rejection initiates the progressive revelation of God's power.
Historical Context
Egyptian pharaohs claimed divine status as incarnations of Horus and sons of Ra. Pharaoh's question reflects the Egyptian worldview where national gods competed for supremacy. His refusal anticipates the theological confrontation between YHWH and Egypt's pantheon.
Reflection
- What modern 'gods' compete with YHWH for allegiance in your culture?
- How does Pharaoh's willful ignorance mirror contemporary rejections of God's authority?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord
Cross-References
- References Lord: 2 Kings 18:35
- Parallel theme: Exodus 3:19, Job 21:15