Exodus 19:22
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 19:22
22 And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.
Chapter Context
Exodus 19 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of worship, hope, covenant. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-25: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it establishes important theological principles that resonate throughout Scripture. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 19:22
22 And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.
Analysis
And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.
Even priests, though closer to God than laity, must consecrate themselves—proximity intensifies responsibility. 'Which come near' (הַנִּגָּשִׁים, haniggashim) describes priestly function—approaching God on behalf of others. 'Sanctify themselves' (יִתְקַדָּשׁוּ, yitqaddash) is reflexive—they must actively pursue holiness. 'Lest the LORD break forth' (יִפְרֹץ, yifrotz) uses the same verb as people 'breaking through' (v. 21)—God may 'break out' in judgment against those who 'break in' presumptuously. This seems to refer to pre-Aaronic priests (perhaps firstborn sons), since the Aaronic priesthood hasn't yet been formally instituted. Privilege demands purity; access requires consecration.
Historical Context
The mention of priests before the Aaronic priesthood's formal institution (Exodus 28-29) suggests an earlier system, possibly firstborn sons serving as family priests. Ancient Near Eastern priests always underwent purification before serving deity.
Reflection
- Why do those closer to God (priests, leaders) face stricter judgment for irreverence?
- How does the requirement for priests to sanctify themselves apply to Christian ministers and leaders?
Word Studies
- Priest: כֹּהֵן (Kohen) H3548 - Priest
Cross-References
- References Lord: Exodus 24:5