Song of Solomon 6:9

Authorized King James Version

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My dove, my undefiled is but one; she is the only one of her mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her.

Original Language Analysis

אַחַ֥ת is but one H259
אַחַ֥ת is but one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 1 of 16
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
הִיא֙ H1931
הִיא֙
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 2 of 16
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
יוֹנָתִ֣י My dove H3123
יוֹנָתִ֣י My dove
Strong's: H3123
Word #: 3 of 16
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
תַמָּתִ֔י my undefiled H8535
תַמָּתִ֔י my undefiled
Strong's: H8535
Word #: 4 of 16
complete; usually (morally) pious; specifically, gentle, dear
אַחַ֥ת is but one H259
אַחַ֥ת is but one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
הִיא֙ H1931
הִיא֙
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 6 of 16
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
לְאִמָּ֔הּ of her mother H517
לְאִמָּ֔הּ of her mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 7 of 16
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
בָּרָ֥ה she is the choice H1249
בָּרָ֥ה she is the choice
Strong's: H1249
Word #: 8 of 16
beloved; also pure, empty
הִ֖יא H1931
הִ֖יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 9 of 16
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
לְיֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ one of her that bare H3205
לְיֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ one of her that bare
Strong's: H3205
Word #: 10 of 16
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
רָא֤וּהָ saw H7200
רָא֤וּהָ saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 11 of 16
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
בָנוֹת֙ her The daughters H1323
בָנוֹת֙ her The daughters
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 12 of 16
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֔וּהָ her and blessed H833
וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֔וּהָ her and blessed
Strong's: H833
Word #: 13 of 16
to be straight (used in the widest sense, especially to be level, right, happy); figuratively, to go forward, be honest, prosper
מְלָכ֥וֹת her yea the queens H4436
מְלָכ֥וֹת her yea the queens
Strong's: H4436
Word #: 14 of 16
a queen
וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖ים and the concubines H6370
וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖ים and the concubines
Strong's: H6370
Word #: 15 of 16
a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour
וַֽיְהַלְלֽוּהָ׃ and they praised H1984
וַֽיְהַלְלֽוּהָ׃ and they praised
Strong's: H1984
Word #: 16 of 16
to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causativ

Cross References

Analysis & Commentary

My dove, my undefiled is but one (אַחַת הִיא יוֹנָתִי תַמָּתִי)—following the enumeration of many potential lovers, the bridegroom declares his bride is unique. Yonati (יוֹנָתִי, my dove) emphasizes purity, faithfulness, and singular devotion. Tammati (תַמָּתִי, my perfect/undefiled one) means complete, whole, without blemish—morally and relationally pure. The word achat (אַחַת, one) stresses both her uniqueness and his exclusive commitment.

She is the only one of her mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her—the bride is her mother's unique treasure, the chosen and favored one. The daughters saw her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her—even potential rivals recognize her excellence and bless her. Church tradition saw Christ declaring His Church 'one'—united in Him despite many members (John 17:21-23; Ephesians 4:4-6). Believers are undefiled not inherently but through Christ's cleansing (Ephesians 5:26-27).

Historical Context

The term 'dove' carried rich symbolism in Israel—purity, innocence, faithfulness, and the Holy Spirit. Being called 'the only one of her mother' emphasizes both the uniqueness of the bride and her mother's particular love for her—echoing how God calls Israel 'my son, even my firstborn' (Exodus 4:22). The fact that even queens and concubines (the multitude just mentioned) praise the bride demonstrates her undeniable excellence. Early church fathers saw the 'one dove' as the catholic (universal) Church—many congregations but one body in Christ. Augustine emphasized that the Church is 'undefiled' because Christ presents her without spot or wrinkle, cleansed by His sacrifice. The Reformation highlighted believers' positional righteousness in Christ—declared 'undefiled' through justification while being progressively sanctified.

Questions for Reflection