Ruth 1:21

Authorized King James Version

I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֲנִי֙
i
#2
מְלֵאָ֣ה
full
full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
#3
הָלַ֔כְתִּי
I went out
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#4
וְרֵיקָ֖ם
empty
emptily; figuratively (objective) ineffectually, (subjective) undeservedly
#5
הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי
hath brought me home again
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#6
וַֽיהוָה֙
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#7
לָ֣מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#8
תִקְרֶ֤אנָה
why then call
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#9
לִי֙
H0
#10
נָֽעֳמִ֔י
ye me Naomi
noomi, an israelitess
#11
וַֽיהוָה֙
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#12
עָ֣נָה
hath testified
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
#13
בִ֔י
H0
#14
וְשַׁדַּ֖י
against me and the Almighty
the almighty
#15
הֵ֥רַֽע
hath afflicted
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)
#16
לִֽי׃
H0

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Ruth Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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