Romans 7:13

Authorized King James Version

Was then that which is good made death unto me? God forbid. But sin, that it might appear sin, working death in me by that which is good; that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
Was then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ἀγαθοῦ
G18
that which is good
"good" (in any sense, often as noun)
#4
ἐμοὶ
unto me
to me
#5
γένηται
made
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#6
θάνατον
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#7
μὴ
God forbid
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#8
γένηται
made
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#9
ἀλλὰ
But
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
ἁμαρτία
sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#12
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#13
φανῇ
it might appear
to lighten (shine), i.e., show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)
#14
ἁμαρτία
sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#15
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#16
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
ἀγαθοῦ
G18
that which is good
"good" (in any sense, often as noun)
#18
μοι
in me
to me
#19
κατεργαζομένη
working
to work fully, i.e., accomplish; by implication, to finish, fashion
#20
θάνατον
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#21
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#22
γένηται
made
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#23
καθ'
exceeding
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#24
ὑπερβολὴν
a throwing beyond others, i.e., (figuratively) supereminence; adverbially (with g1519 or g2596) pre- eminently
#25
ἁμαρτωλὸς
sinful
sinful, i.e., a sinner
#26
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
ἁμαρτία
sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#28
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#29
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#30
ἐντολῆς
the commandment
injunction, i.e., an authoritative prescription

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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