Romans 2:1

Authorized King James Version

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Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.

Original Language Analysis

Διὸ Therefore G1352
Διὸ Therefore
Strong's: G1352
Word #: 1 of 22
through which thing, i.e., consequently
ἀναπολόγητος inexcusable G379
ἀναπολόγητος inexcusable
Strong's: G379
Word #: 2 of 22
indefensible
εἶ thou art G1488
εἶ thou art
Strong's: G1488
Word #: 3 of 22
thou art
O G5599
O
Strong's: G5599
Word #: 4 of 22
as a sign of the vocative case, o; as a note of exclamation, oh
ἄνθρωπε man G444
ἄνθρωπε man
Strong's: G444
Word #: 5 of 22
man-faced, i.e., a human being
πᾶς whosoever G3956
πᾶς whosoever
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 6 of 22
all, any, every, the whole
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κρίνων thou art that judgest G2919
κρίνων thou art that judgest
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 8 of 22
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
ἐν wherein G1722
ἐν wherein
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 9 of 22
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
G3739
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 10 of 22
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
γὰρ for G1063
γὰρ for
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 11 of 22
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
κρίνων thou art that judgest G2919
κρίνων thou art that judgest
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 12 of 22
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἕτερον another G2087
ἕτερον another
Strong's: G2087
Word #: 14 of 22
(an-, the) other or different
σεαυτὸν thyself G4572
σεαυτὸν thyself
Strong's: G4572
Word #: 15 of 22
of (with, to) thyself
κατακρίνεις thou condemnest G2632
κατακρίνεις thou condemnest
Strong's: G2632
Word #: 16 of 22
to judge against, i.e., sentence
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γὰρ for G1063
γὰρ for
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 18 of 22
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
αὐτὰ the same things G846
αὐτὰ the same things
Strong's: G846
Word #: 19 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
πράσσεις doest G4238
πράσσεις doest
Strong's: G4238
Word #: 20 of 22
to "practise", i.e., perform repeatedly or habitually (thus differing from g4160, which properly refers to a single act); by implication, to execute,
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 21 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κρίνων thou art that judgest G2919
κρίνων thou art that judgest
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 22 of 22
by implication, to try, condemn, punish

Analysis & Commentary

Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest—Paul's διό (dio, "therefore") pivots from condemning pagan idolatry (1:18-32) to confronting the Jewish moralist who nodded in agreement but practices the same sins. The Greek ἀναπολόγητος (anapologētos, "without excuse/defense") echoes 1:20's indictment of Gentiles, now applied to the self-righteous. For wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself—the verb κατακρίνω (katakrinō) means to pronounce guilty; hypocritical judgment boomerangs into self-condemnation.

Paul exposes the fatal flaw of Jewish presumption: assuming covenant status exempts one from moral accountability. Jesus made identical arguments in Matthew 7:1-5 and John 8:7. The ὁ κρίνων (ho krinōn, "the one judging") assumes a judicial seat reserved for God alone (James 4:12). This verse demolishes ethnic or religious privilege as grounds for escaping divine judgment.

The τὰ αὐτὰ πράσσεις (ta auta prasseis, "you practice the same things") reveals that sin is universal, transcending ethnic boundaries. Paul will develop this theme through 3:23: "all have sinned." The verse establishes that knowledge of God's law intensifies—not diminishes—culpability.

Historical Context

Paul wrote Romans circa AD 57 from Corinth to a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile Christians. Chapter 2 addresses Jewish Christians who retained cultural superiority over Gentile converts, believing circumcision and Torah knowledge guaranteed salvation. This was the central controversy Paul fought in Galatians and at the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15). First-century Judaism emphasized God's faithfulness to Abraham's seed, often sliding into ethnic nationalism that Jesus and Paul both confronted.

Questions for Reflection