Romans 15:19

Authorized King James Version

Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐν
Through
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#2
δυνάμει
mighty
force (literally or figuratively); specially, miraculous power (usually by implication, a miracle itself)
#3
σημείων
signs
an indication, especially ceremonially or supernaturally
#4
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
τεράτων
wonders
a prodigy or omen
#6
ἐν
Through
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#7
δυνάμει
mighty
force (literally or figuratively); specially, miraculous power (usually by implication, a miracle itself)
#8
πνεύματος
of the Spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#9
θεοῦ·
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#10
ὥστε
so
so too, i.e., thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
#11
με
I
me
#12
ἀπὸ
that from
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#13
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Jerusalem
hierusalem (i.e., jerushalem), the capitol of palestine
#14
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
κύκλῳ
round about
i.e., in a circle (by implication, of g1722), i.e., (adverbially) all around
#16
μέχρι
unto
as far as, i.e., up to a certain point (as a preposition, of extent (denoting the terminus, whereas g0891 refers especially to the space of time or pl
#17
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
Ἰλλυρικοῦ
Illyricum
(the) illyrican (shore), i.e., (as a name itself) illyricum, a region of europe
#19
πεπληρωκέναι
have fully preached
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#20
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
εὐαγγέλιον
the gospel
a good message, i.e., the gospel
#22
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
Χριστοῦ
of Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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