Psalms 97:4

Authorized King James Version

His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵאִ֣ירוּ
enlightened
to be (causative, make) luminous (literally and metaphorically)
#2
בְרָקָ֣יו
His lightnings
lightning; by analogy, a gleam; concretely, a flashing sword
#3
תֵּבֵ֑ל
the world
the earth (as moist and therefore inhabited); by extension, the globe; by implication, its inhabitants; specifically, a particular land, as babylonia,
#4
רָאֲתָ֖ה
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#5
וַתָּחֵ֣ל
and trembled
properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi
#6
הָאָֽרֶץ׃
the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection