Psalms 90:4

Authorized King James Version

For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֤י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
אֶ֪לֶף
For a thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#3
שָׁנִ֡ים
years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#4
בְּֽעֵינֶ֗יךָ
in thy sight
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#5
כְּי֣וֹם
are but as
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#6
אֶ֭תְמוֹל
yesterday
heretofore; definitely yesterday
#7
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#8
יַעֲבֹ֑ר
when it is past
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#9
וְאַשְׁמוּרָ֥ה
and as a watch
a night watch
#10
בַלָּֽיְלָה׃
in the night
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection