Psalms 79:1

Authorized King James Version

O God, the heathen are come into thine inheritance; thy holy temple have they defiled; they have laid Jerusalem on heaps.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֱֽלֹהִ֡ים
O God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#2
בָּ֤אוּ
are come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#3
גוֹיִ֨ם׀
the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#4
בְּֽנַחֲלָתֶ֗ךָ
into thine inheritance
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
#5
טִ֭מְּאוּ
have they defiled
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
הֵיכַ֣ל
temple
a large public building, such as a palace or temple
#8
קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ
thy holy
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
#9
שָׂ֖מוּ
they have laid
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#10
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֣ם
Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
#12
לְעִיִּֽים׃
on heaps
a ruin (as if overturned)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Psalms.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection