Psalms 78:49

Authorized King James Version

He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יְשַׁלַּח
He cast
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#2
בָּ֨ם׀
H0
#3
חֲר֬וֹן
upon them the fierceness
a burning of anger
#4
אַפּ֗וֹ
of his anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#5
עֶבְרָ֣ה
wrath
an outburst of passion
#6
וָזַ֣עַם
and indignation
strictly froth at the mouth, i.e., (figuratively) fury (especially of god's displeasure with sin)
#7
וְצָרָ֑ה
and trouble
transitively, a female rival
#8
מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת
by sending
a mission, i.e., (abstractly and favorable) release, or (concretely and unfavorable) an army
#9
מַלְאֲכֵ֥י
angels
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#10
רָעִֽים׃
evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection